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Japanese Grammar Tutorials

  

The ですます体/ desumasutai form

(present tense)

 

Below are the rules for forming the formal desumasutai form of verbs. Be sure to note the two common irregular verbs, する and 来る at the end of the tutorial.

 

-ru verbs: Drop the and add ます

 

Dictionary form non-past

desumasu-tai non-past

食べる  (たべる)

taberu

食べます   (たべます)

tabemasu

 

 

 

 

u-verbs

 

 Change the final to and add ます.

 

Dictionary form non-past

desumasu-tai non-past

乗る  (のる)

noru

乗ります (のります)

norimasu

 

   Change the final to and add ます.

 

Dictionary form non-past

desumasu-tai non-past

聞く (きく)

kiku

聞きます (ききます)

kikimasu

 

 

 Change the final to and add ます.

 

Dictionary form non-past

desumasu-tai non-past

泳ぐ (およぐ)

oyogu

泳ぎます (およぎます)

oyogimasu

 

 Change the final to and add ます.

 

Dictionary form non-past

desumasu-tai non-past

読む (よむ)

yomu

読みます  (よみます)

yomimasu

 

 

Change the final to and add ます.

 

Dictionary form non-past

desumasu-tai non-past

呼ぶ  (よぶ)

yobu

呼びます  (よびます)

yobimasu

 

Change the final to   and add ます.

 

Dictionary form non-past

desumasu-tai non-past

買う (かう)

kau

買います (かいます)

kaimasu

 

 

Change the final to and add ます

 

Dictionary form non-past

desumasu-tai non-past

死ぬ (しぬ)

shinu

死にます (しにます)

shinimasu

 

Forming the desumasutai of する

 

As one of the common irregular verbs, the desumasutai form of するcannot be formed by a straightforward application of the above rules. The desumasutai form of する is:

 

します/shimasu

 

Below is an example sentence:

 

明日何をしますか。

Ashita nani o shimasu ka?

What will you do tomorrow?

 

 

Forming the desumasutai of 来る

 

来る/kuru, similarly, has a desu-masu-tai form that cannot be derived in the same way as other Japanese verbs:

 

来ます / kimasu

 

Usage examples:

 

田中さんも来ます。

Tanaka-san mo kimasu.

Tanaka will also come.

いつ日本に来ますか。

Itsu Nihon ni kimasu ka.

When will you come to Japan?

 

 

 

 

 

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